The parathyroid glands are a group of four small glands located in your neck. These glands are responsible for monitoring and controlling calcium in your body.
Parathyroid glands can become overactive, also known as hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism affects calcium levels and damages essential biological functions, including bones, kidney, and GI functions.
For this reason, treating parathyroid disease is essential for long-term health. Specialists in endocrine surgery at Washington University can work with you to find the best solution for parathyroid conditions.
Conditions
Two main conditions can occur when there are problems with the parathyroid:
Hyperparathyroidism
When the parathyroid produces too much parathyroid hormone, blood calcium can rise to unhealthy levels. Two types of hyperparathyroidism exist. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more of the glands secretes too much parathyroid hormone on its own, causing calcium blood levels to rise. Secondary hyperparathyroidism develops when other health conditions, such as kidney disease, lower the blood-calcium levels, causing the parathyroid glands to work harder than normal.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically caused by benign parathyroid adenomas. A smaller percentage of primary hyperparathyroidism cases are caused by benign parathyroid hyperplasia that affects multiple glands. Diagnosis and treatment planning require laboratory and imaging testing.
Hypoparathyroidism
When the parathyroid does not produce enough parathyroid hormone, blood calcium levels fall too low. This condition is very rare, and it is often caused by damage or injury to the parathyroid, an autoimmune disorder, a genetic disorder or even a magnesium deficiency. Supplements and dietary changes can often resolve hypoparathyroidism, though these treatment approaches may not be effective for all people.
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